Hungarian Parliament Building
Budapest
Rising majestically on the banks of the Danube, the Hungarian Parliament Building in Budapest is not merely a seat of government but a powerful symbol of the nation's history, identity, and architectural grandeur. For any visitor to Budapest, its imposing neo-Gothic facade is an unforgettable sight, and a tour of its opulent interior is a journey through a century of Hungarian heritage.
A Masterpiece of Architecture and Symbolism
The Parliament Building, known in Hungarian as "Országház" (House of the Nation), is a monument to Hungary's national awakening in the late 19th century. Following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which granted Hungary greater autonomy, the Diet resolved to construct a new, monumental building that would express the nation's sovereignty. An international competition was held, and the winning design by Hungarian architect Imre Steindl was selected.
Construction began in 1885 and spanned nearly two decades, culminating in its inauguration in 1904. The final result is a breathtaking blend of architectural styles, with a dominant neo-Gothic influence reminiscent of London's Houses of Parliament. This choice was deliberate, a nod to the British parliamentary model that Hungarian reformers admired. However, Steindl incorporated elements of neo-Renaissance and neo-Baroque, most notably in the building's stunning central dome. The structure is an engineering marvel of its time, utilizing 40 million bricks, half a million precious stones, and an astonishing 40 kilograms of 23-carat gold.
The building's dimensions are as impressive as its design. It is 268 meters long and 123 meters wide, making it one of the largest parliamentary buildings in the world. The dome soars to a height of 96 meters, a number of profound symbolic importance. It commemorates the year 896, when the Magyars, the ancestors of today's Hungarians, settled in the Carpathian Basin, laying the foundation for the Hungarian nation. The fact that the dome of St. Stephen's Basilica, Budapest's other iconic landmark, shares the same height is no coincidence, symbolizing the equal importance of state and religion in the nation's identity.
The exterior is a tapestry of art and history, adorned with 90 statues of Hungarian rulers, historical figures, and allegorical representations. The interior is even more lavish, a testament to Hungarian craftsmanship and artistic excellence. Intricate frescoes by renowned artists like Mihály Munkácsy and Károly Lotz grace the ceilings, while stained-glass windows by Miksa Róth depict Hungarian coats of arms and historical scenes.
A Walk Through History: Inside the Parliament Building
Visiting the Hungarian Parliament Building is a highly recommended experience, offering a glimpse into the heart of Hungarian politics and culture. The only way to see the interior is through a guided tour, which typically lasts about 45 minutes and is available in multiple languages.
The tour begins at the Visitor Centre and takes you through some of the building's most magnificent spaces. The first stop is often the Grand Staircase, a spectacular entry hall that sets the tone for the rest of the visit. With its 96 steps—another nod to the 896/1896 symbolism—and monumental red carpet, the staircase is a work of art in itself, flanked by stunning frescoes, golden decorations, and marble columns.
The centerpiece of the tour is the magnificent Dome Hall, the structural and symbolic heart of the building. This sixteen-sided hall is where the Hungarian legislature once met and is now home to one of the nation's most treasured artifacts: the Holy Crown of Hungary. Guarded by the Crown Guard of the Hungarian Armed Forces, the crown is an ancient and revered symbol of Hungarian statehood, used to coronate more than 50 Hungarian kings. The Holy Crown, along with the scepter, orb, and coronation sword, is displayed in a glass case, and its presence in the Parliament is a powerful reminder of Hungary's long and often tumultuous history. Please note that photography is strictly prohibited in the Dome Hall to protect this priceless national treasure.
From the Dome Hall, the tour proceeds to the Old Upper House Hall, a stunning chamber once used by the bicameral legislature. With its rich Slavonian oak paneling and ornate decorations, the hall provides a sense of the grandeur of 19th-century parliamentary sessions. While the modern Hungarian National Assembly is now unicameral and meets in the Lower House, the Old Upper House Hall is still used for conferences and ceremonial events.
Practical Information
Tickets and Booking: Due to high demand, especially during peak season, it is highly recommended to book your tickets in advance. The official and most reliable place to buy tickets is online through the National Assembly's official ticketing partner, Jegymester.hu. Limited same-day tickets may be available at the Visitor Centre, but be prepared for long queues. Be aware of third-party websites that may resell tickets at higher prices.
Tour Languages and Times: Guided tours are offered daily in a variety of languages, including English, German, French, and Spanish. Check the official website for specific timings. Tours are subject to cancellation or postponement on short notice due to parliamentary sessions or state events.
Security and Etiquette: The Parliament Building is an active government facility, so all visitors must pass through a security check similar to an airport. Large bags, sharp objects, and other prohibited items must be left at the cloakroom. A dignified dress code is expected.
Accessibility: The building is accessible for visitors with disabilities, and elevators are available. It is advisable to inform the tourism department in advance if you require special assistance.
Beyond the Walls: The Parliament from the Outside
Even if you don't take a tour, the sight of the Parliament Building from the outside is a must-see. The building's majestic facade is best viewed from across the Danube, on the Buda side of the city. The Fisherman's Bastion and Buda Castle offer spectacular panoramic views, especially at night when the building is illuminated, casting a golden glow on the river. A Danube River cruise is another popular way to admire the Parliament's full splendor.
The square in front of the Parliament, Kossuth Lajos Square, is a significant public space that has witnessed many pivotal moments in Hungarian history. It is home to monuments and statues honoring national heroes, including a large statue of Lajos Kossuth, a leader of the 1848 revolution.